Apparatus, system and method of communicating a single carrier (SC) transmission

ABSTRACT

For example, a station may generate a plurality of space-time streams including at least a first space-time stream and a second space-time stream, the first space-time stream including, in a first interval, a first data sequence followed by a first Guard Interval (GI) sequence, the first space-time stream comprising, in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, a second data sequence followed by the first GI sequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence followed by a second GI sequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequence followed by the second GI sequence; and transmit a Single Carrier (SC) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of space-time streams.

CROSS REFERENCE

This Application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/473,162 entitled “MODIFIED SYMBOLBLOCK STRUCTURE FOR SPACE TIME BLOCK CODING”, filed Mar. 17, 2017, andfrom U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/364,420 entitled“APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF COMMUNICATING ACCORDING TO A TRANSMITDIVERSITY SCHEME”, filed Jul. 20, 2016; and is also a Continuation inPart of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/394,864 entitled “APPARATUS,SYSTEM AND METHOD OF COMMUNICATING A SINGLE CARRIER (SC) SPACE TIMEBLOCK CODE (STBC) TRANSMISSION”, filed Dec. 30, 2016, which, in turn,claims benefit of and priority from U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/364,420 entitled “APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF COMMUNICATINGACCORDING TO A TRANSMIT DIVERSITY SCHEME”, filed Jul. 20, 2016, theentire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments described herein generally relate to communicating a SingleCarrier (SC) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission.

BACKGROUND

A wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave (mmWave) band mayprovide high-speed data access for users of wireless communicationdevices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in thefigures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, thedimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to otherelements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numeralsmay be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogouselements. The figures are listed below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a symbol block structure, whichmay be implemented for communication over a directional band, e.g., inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a Single Carrier (SC) blockstructure for a Space Time Block Code (STBC) with two space-timestreams, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a SC block structure for an STBCwith four space-time streams, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a SC Physical layer (PHY)transmission according to an STBC scheme, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a method of communicating a SCMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission, in accordance withsome demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a method of communicating a SCMIMO transmission, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments.However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the artthat some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, unitsand/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscurethe discussion.

Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”,“computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”,“checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) ofa computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or otherelectronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform datarepresented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within thecomputer's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computer's registersand/or memories or other information storage medium that may storeinstructions to perform operations and/or processes.

The terms “plurality” and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, forexample, “multiple” or “two or more”. For example, “a plurality ofitems” includes two or more items.

References to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrativeembodiment”, “various embodiments” etc., indicate that the embodiment(s)so described may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated useof the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the sameembodiment, although it may.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinaladjectives “first”, “second”, “third” etc., to describe a common object,merely indicate that different instances of like objects are beingreferred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so describedmust be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking,or in any other manner.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), awireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, awearable device, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, aPersonal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, anon-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehiculardevice, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumerdevice, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communicationstation, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP),a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device,an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wirelessnetwork, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN),a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal AreaNetwork (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (includingIEEE 802.11-2016 (IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Informationtechnology—Telecommunications and information exchange between systemsLocal and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications, Dec. 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.11ay (P802.11ay Standardfor Information Technology—Telecommunications and Information ExchangeBetween Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—SpecificRequirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment: Enhanced Throughput forOperation in License-Exempt Bands Above 45 GHz)) and/or future versionsand/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating inaccordance with existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Peer-to-Peer (P2P)specifications (including WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.5,Aug. 4, 2015) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devicesand/or networks operating in accordance with existingWireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA) specifications (including WirelessGigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHY Specification Version 1.1, April2011, Final specification) and/or future versions and/or derivativesthereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existingcellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g., 3rd GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or futureversions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or devices which are partof the above networks, and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, aPersonal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableGlobal Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, aMultiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DigitalVideo Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, aWireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, RadioFrequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM),Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access(OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division MultipleAccess (TDMA), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division MultipleAccess (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), WidebandCDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA,Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®,Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra-Wideband(UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G,4G, Fifth Generation (5G), or Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks,3GPP, LTE, LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE),or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices,systems and/or networks.

The term “wireless device”, as used herein, includes, for example, adevice capable of wireless communication, a communication device capableof wireless communication, a communication station capable of wirelesscommunication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wirelesscommunication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, awireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integratedwith a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In somedemonstrative embodiments, the term “wireless device” may optionallyinclude a wireless service.

The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a communicationsignal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receivingthe communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which iscapable of communicating a communication signal, may include atransmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one othercommunication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive thecommunication signal from at least one other communication unit. Theverb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting orthe action of receiving. In one example, the phrase “communicating asignal” may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving thesignal by a second device. In another example, the phrase “communicatinga signal” may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting thesignal by a second device. The communication signal may be transmittedand/or received, for example, in the form of RF communication signals,and/or any other type of signal.

As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, orinclude, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), anintegrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared,dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), thatexecute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logiccircuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide thedescribed functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may beimplemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may beimplemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In someembodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable inhardware.

The term “logic” may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded incircuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in amemory of a computing apparatus. For example, the logic may beaccessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute thecomputing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations. In oneexample, logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/orfirmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors. Logicmay be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry,e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmittercircuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like.In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/ornon-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory,programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory,and the like. Logic may be executed by one or more processors usingmemory, e.g., registers, stuck, buffers, and/or the like, coupled to theone or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN,e.g., a WiFi network. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction withany other suitable wireless communication network, for example, awireless area network, a “piconet”, a WPAN, a WVAN and the like.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with awireless communication network communicating over a frequency band above45 Gigahertz (GHz), e.g., 60 GHz. However, other embodiments may beimplemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communicationfrequency bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band(the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency bandwithin the frequency band of between 20 Ghz and 300 GHz, a frequencyband above 45 GHz, a frequency band below 20 GHz, e.g., a Sub 1 GHz(S1G) band, a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a WLAN frequency band, a WPANfrequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, andthe like.

The term “antenna”, as used herein, may include any suitableconfiguration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antennaelements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In someembodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. Insome embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna,a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike.

The phrases “directional multi-gigabit (DMG)” and “directional band”(DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band wherein theChannel starting frequency is above 45 GHz. In one example, DMGcommunications may involve one or more directional links to communicateat a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1Gigabit per second, e.g., at least 7 Gigabit per second, at least 30Gigabit per second, or any other rate.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented by a DMG STA (alsoreferred to as a “mmWave STA (mSTA)”), which may include for example, aSTA having a radio transmitter, which is capable of operating on achannel that is within the DMG band. The DMG STA may perform otheradditional or alternative functionality. Other embodiments may beimplemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.

Reference is made to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a system100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 mayinclude one or more wireless communication devices. For example, system100 may include a wireless communication device 102, a wirelesscommunication device 140, and/or one more other devices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include amobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.

For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, anMD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptopcomputer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things(IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, aPDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-boarddevice, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalitieswith PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device,a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile ornon-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device,a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, amobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively smallcomputing device, a non-desktop computer, a “Carry Small Live Large”(CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC),a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an “Origami” device or computing device,a device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), acontext-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, aSet-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a DigitalVideo Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVDrecorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), abroadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, anaudio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat paneldisplay, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), adigital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier,a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera(DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, orthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example,one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, amemory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 mayinclude, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182,an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185.Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardwarecomponents and/or software components. In some demonstrativeembodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may beinterconnected or operably associated using one or more wired orwireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more ofdevices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separatedevices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 191 and/or processor 181may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a DigitalSignal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-coreprocessor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, amicroprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality ofprocessors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits,circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), anApplication-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose orspecific processor or controller. Processor 191 may executeinstructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor 181 may executeinstructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140and/or of one or more suitable applications.

In some demonstrative embodiments, input unit 192 and/or input unit 182may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen,a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitablepointing device or input device. Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183may include, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flatpanel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a LiquidCrystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or moreaudio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, memory unit 194 and/or memory unit184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read OnlyMemory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flashmemory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a cache memory, abuffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or othersuitable memory units. Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 mayinclude, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a CompactDisk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitableremovable or non-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storageunit 195, for example, may store data processed by device 102. Memoryunit 184 and/or storage unit 185, for example, may store data processedby device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, informationand/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrativeembodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radiochannel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, an IRchannel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) Channel, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include one or moredirectional bands and/or channels. For example, WM 103 may include oneor more millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication bands and/orchannels.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include one or more DMGchannels. In other embodiments WM 103 may include any other directionalchannels.

In other embodiments, WM 103 may include any other type of channel overany other frequency band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 mayinclude one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to performwireless communication between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more otherwireless communication devices. For example, device 102 may include atleast one radio 114, and/or device 140 may include at least one radio144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144 mayinclude one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/orlogic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames,blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/ordata. For example, radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116,and/or radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144 mayinclude one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitryand/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals,frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items,and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one transmitter118, and/or radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144,transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may includecircuitry; logic; RF elements, circuitry and/or logic; basebandelements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and/orlogic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; amplifiers; analogto digital and/or digital to analog converters; filters; and/or thelike. For example, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include or may beimplemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and thelike.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may beconfigured to communicate over a directional band, for example, anmmWave band, and/or any other band, for example, a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHzband, a S1G band, and/or any other band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, ormay be associated with one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directionalantennas.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more,e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 107, and/or device 140 mayinclude on or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 147.

Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable fortransmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks,frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. Forexample, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration,structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements,components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 mayinclude, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication,e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set ofswitched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities usingseparate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments,antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may includedirectional antennas, which may be steered to one or more beamdirections. For example, antennas 107 may be steered to one or more beamdirections 135, and/or antennas 147 may be steered to one or more beamdirections 145.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may includeand/or may be implemented as part of a single Phased Antenna Array(PAA).

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may beimplemented as part of a plurality of PAAs, for example, as a pluralityof physically independent PAAs.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a PAA may include, for example, arectangular geometry, e.g., including an integer number, denoted M, ofrows, and an integer number, denoted N, of columns. In otherembodiments, any other types of antennas and/or antenna arrays may beused.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or antennas 147 maybe connected to, and/or associated with, one or more RF chains.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controller 124 maybe configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/orcontrol device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generateand/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or toperform one or more functionalities, operations and/or proceduresbetween devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices; and/orcontroller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause,instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or morecommunications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messagesand/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities,operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or moreother devices, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 mayinclude, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitryand/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/orlogic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media Access Control (MAC)circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic,baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory,Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, anAP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured toperform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively.Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities ofcontrollers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may beexecuted by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as describedbelow.

In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, forexample, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, tocause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102,and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/orfunctionalities, e.g., as described herein.

In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, forexample, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, tocause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140,and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/orfunctionalities, e.g., as described herein.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a messageprocessor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 102.

In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or messageprocessor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or moremessages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a messageprocessor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 140.

In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or messageprocessor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or moremessages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 mayinclude, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitryand/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/orlogic, memory circuitry and/or logic, MAC circuitry and/or logic, PHYcircuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BBmemory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/orany other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform thefunctionality of message processors 128 and/or 158, respectively.Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of messageprocessors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, which may beexecuted by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or atleast part of the functionality of message processor 158 may beimplemented as part of radio 144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124,and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 maybe implemented as part of controller 154.

In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may beimplemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or thefunctionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of anyother element of device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofcontroller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by anintegrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or morefunctionalities of radio 114. For example, the chip or SoC may includeone or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of messageprocessor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114. In one example,controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implementedas part of the chip or SoC.

In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elementsof device 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofcontroller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by anintegrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or morefunctionalities of radio 144. For example, the chip or SoC may includeone or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of messageprocessor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144. In one example,controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implementedas part of the chip or SoC.

In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elementsof device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 mayinclude, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, one or more STAs. For example, device 102 mayinclude at least one STA, and/or device 140 may include at least oneSTA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 mayinclude, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, one or more DMG STAs. For example, device 102 mayinclude, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, at least one DMG STA, and/or device 140 may include,operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, at least one DMG STA.

In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as,perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, anyother wireless device and/or station, e.g., a WLAN STA, a WiFi STA, andthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, an access point (AP), e.g., a DMG AP, and/or apersonal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), e.g., a DMG PCP,for example, an AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG AP/PCP STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one ormore functionalities of, a non-AP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP STA, and/or anon-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA, for example, a non-AP/PCP STA,e.g., a DMG non-AP/PCP STA.

In other embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may operate as,perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, anyother additional or alternative device and/or station.

In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is asingly addressable instance of a MAC and PHY interface to the wirelessmedium (WM). The STA may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station(STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, viathe wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may perform anyother additional or alternative functionality.

In one example, a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP)may include an entity that contains a STA, e.g., one station (STA), andcoordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are membersof a PBSS. The PCP may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, a PBSS may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG)basic service set (BSS) that includes, for example, one PBSS controlpoint (PCP). For example, access to a distribution system (DS) may notbe present, but, for example, an intra-PBSS forwarding service mayoptionally be present.

In one example, a PCP/AP STA may include a station (STA) that is atleast one of a PCP or an AP. The PCP/AP STA may perform any otheradditional or alternative functionality.

In one example, a non-AP STA may include a STA that is not containedwithin an AP. The non-AP STA may perform any other additional oralternative functionality.

In one example, a non-PCP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP. Thenon-PCP STA may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, a non PCP/AP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP andthat is not an AP. The non-PCP/AP STA may perform any other additionalor alternative functionality.

In some demonstrative embodiments devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network,an Enhanced DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network. For example,devices 102 and/or 140 may perform MIMO communication, for example, forcommunicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks, e.g., over an NG60 oran EDMG frequency band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to operate in accordance with one or more Specifications, forexample, including one or more IEEE 802.11 Specifications, e.g., an IEEE802.11-2016 Specification, an IEEE 802.11ay Specification, and/or anyother specification and/or protocol.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, as partof a new standard in an mmWave band, e.g., a 60 GHz frequency band orany other directional band, for example, as an evolution of an IEEE802.11-2016 Specification and/or an IEEE 802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured according to one or more standards, for example, inaccordance with an IEEE 802.11ay Standard, which may be, for example,configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE802.11ad Specification, which may be configured to provide Wi-Ficonnectivity in a 60 GHz band.

Some demonstrative embodiments may enable, for example, to significantlyincrease the data transmission rates defined in the IEEE 802.11adSpecification, for example, from 7 Gigabit per second (Gbps), e.g., upto 30 Gbps, or to any other data rate, which may, for example, satisfygrowing demand in network capacity for new coming applications.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, to allowincreasing a transmission data rate, for example, by applying MIMOand/or channel bonding techniques.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate MIMO communications over the mmWave wirelesscommunication band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to support one or more mechanisms and/or features, forexample, channel bonding, Single User (SU) MIMO, and/or Multi-User (MU)MIMO, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.11ay Standard and/orany other standard and/or protocol.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 mayinclude, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionalityof, one or more EDMG STAs. For example, device 102 may include, operateas, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least oneEDMG STA, and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of,and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may implementa communication scheme, which may include PHY and/or MAC layer schemes,for example, to support one or more applications, and/or increasedtransmission data rates, e.g., data rates of up to 30 Gbps, or any otherdata rate.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the PHY and/or MAC layer schemes maybe configured to support frequency channel bonding over a mmWave band,e.g., over a 60 GHz band, SU MIMO techniques, and/or MU MIMO techniques.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may be configuredto enable SU and/or MU communication of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplinkframes (UL) using a MIMO scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more MU communication mechanisms. Forexample, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one ormore MU mechanisms, which may be configured to enable MU communicationof DL frames using a MIMO scheme, for example, between a device, e.g.,device 102, and a plurality of devices, e.g., including device 140and/or one or more other devices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and/orany other network and/or any other frequency band. For example, devices102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate DL MIMO transmissionsand/or UL MIMO transmissions, for example, for communicating over theNG60 and/or EDMG networks.

Some wireless communication Specifications, for example, the IEEE802.11ad-2012 Specification, may be configured to support a SU system,in which a STA may transmit frames to a single STA at a time. SuchSpecifications may not be able, for example, to support a STAtransmitting to multiple STAs simultaneously, for example, using aMU-MIMO scheme, e.g., a DL MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate over a channel bandwidth, e.g., of at least2.16 GHz, in a frequency band above 45 GHz.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may, for example,enable to extend a single-channel BW scheme, e.g., a scheme inaccordance with the IEEE 802.11ad Specification or any other scheme, forhigher data rates and/or increased capabilities, e.g., as describedbelow.

In one example, the single-channel BW scheme may include communicationover a 2.16 GHz channel (also referred to as a “single-channel” or a“DMG channel”).

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, whichmay, for example, support communication over a channel BW (also referredto as a “wide channel”, an “EDMG channel”, or a “bonded channel”)including two or more channels, e.g., two or more 2.16 GHz channels,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel bonding mechanisms mayinclude, for example, a mechanism and/or an operation whereby two ormore channels, e.g., 2.16 GHz channels, can be combined, e.g., for ahigher bandwidth of packet transmission, for example, to enableachieving higher data rates, e.g., when compared to transmissions over asingle channel Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein withrespect to communication over a channel BW including two or more 2.16GHz channels, however other embodiments may be implemented with respectto communications over a channel bandwidth, e.g., a “wide” channel,including or formed by any other number of two or more channels, forexample, an aggregated channel including an aggregation of two or morechannels.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, whichmay, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, achannel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, introduction of MIMO may be based,for example, on implementing robust transmission modes and/or enhancingthe reliability of data transmission, e.g., rather than the transmissionrate, compared to a Single Input Single Output (SISO) case. For example,one or more Space Time Block Coding (STBC) schemes utilizing aspace-time channel diversity property may be implemented to achieve oneor more enhancements for the MIMO transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, STBC schemes may be defined, forexample, based on an Alamouti diversity technique, e.g., as described bySiavash M Alamouti, “A Simple Transmit Diversity Technique for WirelessCommunications,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.16, no. 8, October 1998. The Alamouti diversity technique may provide,for example, a diversity gain equal to a gain achieved by a MaximumRatio Combining (MRC) approach. For example, the Alamouti diversitytechnique may include transmission using two antennas and receptionusing an arbitrary number of antennas, denoted N_(R) _(x) .

For example, STBC schemes based on the Alamouti technique may bedefined, e.g., in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11Specifications, e.g., one or more IEEE 802.11n and/or IEEE 802.11.acSpecifications. For example, an STBC approach according to the IEEE802.11n and/or IEEE 802.11.ac Specifications may reuse the 2×N_(R),Alamouti approach to define an STBC with a required number of transmitantennas from an OFDM implementation.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured, for example, to support an STBC for a SC MIMO, for example,using a symbol block scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process a transmissionaccording to a symbol blocking scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the symbol blocking scheme may beconfigured to support an STBC of a space time diversity scheme, forexample, an Alamouti space-time diversity scheme, for a SC PHY, forexample, to be implemented by a future IEEE 802.11ay Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the symbol blocking scheme may beconfigured to allow, for example, maintaining a blocking structure perspace-stream, for example, in compliance with a legacy Specification forSISO transmission, e.g., an IEEE 802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a space-time diversity scheme, e.g.,an Alamouti block coding, may be applied for a data part, e.g., only forthe data part, for example, without affecting a Guard Interval (GI)transmission. For example, known GIs may be implemented to allow usingthe known GIs as pilot sequences, e.g., for different types ofestimations and/or phase tracking at the receiver.

In some demonstrative embodiments, implementation of an STBC scheme to aSC transmission, e.g., a SC MIMO transmission, may not bestraightforward, e.g., as described below.

Reference is made to FIG. 2, which schematically illustrates a symbolblock structure 200, which may be implemented in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, symbol block structure 200 maybe implemented for communication over a directional band, e.g., incompliance with, and/or in compatibility with, an IEEE 802.11adSpecification. Symbol block structure 200 depicts the structure of twoSC symbol blocks.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, symbol blockstructure 200 may include a symbol blocking structure in a time domain,for example, in which the input flow of a mapper of constellation pointsis divided into blocks, e.g., blocks 210, and 212, of a length 448 chips(or samples).

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, data block 210 and data block 212 maybe prepended with a Guard Interval (GI) 214 of 64 chips (or samples).For example, data block 210 and data block 208 may be prepended with GI214.

In some demonstrative embodiments, GI 214 may be defined, for example,based on a Ga₆₄ Golay sequence, for example, based on a product of theGa₆₄ Golay sequence multiplied by the exponent exp(jπ/2*n), wherein n=0,1, . . . , 63 is a chip time index.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, an extra GI 214repetition may be appended at the very end of the chain of SC symbolblocks.

In one example, the introduction of GI 214 to the SC block structure 200may, for example, create a cyclic prefix, which may allow implementingSC demodulation with frequency domain equalization.

In another example, the introduction of GI 214 to the SC block structure200 may enable a receiver of a transmission to use the known Ga₆₄sequence, for example, as a pilot sequence, e.g., for different types ofestimations and tracking.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Golay Ga₆₄ sequence may bedetermined, defined, and/or generated, for example, according to one ormore parameters, for example, a delay vector, denoted Dk, and/or aweight vector, denoted Wk, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Ga₆₄ sequence may be generated,for example, using a Golay sequence generator having a structure, e.g.,in accordance with an IEEE 802.11ad Specification and/or any otherSpecification. One or more parameters of the Golay generator, forexample, the delay vector, denoted Dk, and/or the weight vector, denotedWk, may be defined differently. The pair of vectors (Dk, Wk) may, forexample, fully define the output sequence Ga₆₄.

In one example, the Ga₆₄ sequence may be defined based on the followingDk and Wk vectors:

-   -   1. Delay vector: Dk=[2 1 4 8 16 32];    -   2. Weight vector: Wk=[+1,+1,−1,−1,+1,−1].

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102and/or 140 may be configured to communicate a SC transmission, e.g., theSC MIMO transmission, for example, according to a SC Symbol Blockingscheme configured for STBC over two or more Space-Time Streams, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate according to an STBC scheme, which may beconfigured to apply a coding to a data part of a transmission, e.g.,only to the data part, for example, without applying a coding to the GIportion.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate according to the STBC scheme, which may beconfigured to apply the coding to a data part of a transmission, forexample, utilizing a SC symbol blocking structure, e.g., in compliancewith an IEEE 802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate the SC transmission according to a SC blockstructure, which may be configured for SC PHY modulation, for example,to support the STBC scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the SC block structure may beconfigured, for example, to include data in a sequence of time intervalsof a plurality of space-time streams, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device102 to generate and transmit the SC transmission, e.g., the SC MIMOtransmission, to at least one other station, for example, a stationimplemented by device 140, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to generate and transmit the SC MIMO transmission accordingto the STBC scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the SC MIMO transmission may includetransmission of an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to generate a plurality of space-time streams based on datato be transmitted, which may be represented by a plurality of datasamples, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may include, operateas, and/or perform the functionality of a data mapper 125, which may beconfigured to generate the plurality of space-time streams, for example,based on data samples of the data to be transmitted, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the data samples to the plurality of space-time streams according toa frame structure, which may be configured to support the STBC scheme,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the data samples to a plurality of intervals in the plurality ofspace-time streams, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of space-time streamsmay include at least two space-time streams, for example, to support theSC MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate the plurality of space-time streams according to a GuardInterval (GI) frame structure including one or more GI sequences, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the one or more GI sequences to the plurality of space-time streams,for example, based on the STBC scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of space-time streamsmay include at least a first space-time stream and a second space-timestream, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may generate andinsert into the first and second space-time streams first and second GIsequences for the first and second space-time streams, respectively,e.g., according to the STBC scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate at least the first space-time stream including, in a firstinterval, a first data sequence followed by the first GI sequence; thefirst space-time stream including, in a second interval subsequent tothe first interval, a second data sequence followed by the first GIsequence, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate the second space-time stream including, in the first interval,a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence followed by a second GI sequence; and the second space-timestream including, in the second interval, a time-inverted complexconjugate of the first data sequence followed by the second GI sequence,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate the plurality of space-time streams, for example, by mappingthe first and second data sequences to the first space-time stream; andby mapping an encoded repetition of the first and second data sequencesto the second space-time stream, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to the STBC scheme, thefirst data sequence may include a first symbol block, and/or the seconddata sequence may include a second symbol block, which may be, forexamples, subsequent to the first symbol block, e.g., as describedbelow.

For example, the first and second data sequences may include two blocks,denoted x_(N-M) and y_(N-M), for example, each having a length of N−Mchips (or samples), e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, N may be an integer equal to 512, andM may be an integer equal to 32, 64 or 128. In other embodiments, Nand/or M may have any other value.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first space-time stream mayinclude, in the first interval, the first data sequence followed by afirst GI sequence;

and, in the second interval subsequent to the first interval, the seconddata sequence followed by the first GI sequence, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the second space-time stream mayinclude, in the first interval, the encoded repetition of the secondspace-time stream followed by a second GI sequence; and, in the secondinterval subsequent to the first interval, the encoded repetition of thefirst data sequence followed by the second GI sequence, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the encoded repetition of the firstand second data sequences may be based on an encoding of the STBC schemeto be applied for the SC MIMO transmission, e.g., the STBC scheme,and/or any other time-space diversity scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the encoded repetition of the firstdata sequence may include a time-inverted complex conjugate of the firstdata sequence corresponding to the block x_(N-M), and/or the encodedrepetition of the second data sequence may include a sign-inverted andtime-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequencecorresponding to the block y_(N-M), e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may map two blocks ofthe SC block structure to the first space-time stream, for example,according to an STBC symbol blocking mapping, for example, as(x_(N-M)(n), y_(N-M)(n)).

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may map the twoblocks of the SC block structure to the second space-time stream, forexample, according to the STBC symbol blocking mapping, for example, as(−y*_(N-M)(−n), x*_(N-M)−n)), wherein * denotes complex conjugation, andwherein an indexing (−n) denotes reverse chips (or samples) order intime.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the first GI sequence, e.g., a GI sequence g_(1,M)(n), to the firstinterval and the second interval in the first space-time stream, forexample, by inserting the first GI sequence following data sequences ofthe first space-time stream, for example, following the data sequencescorresponding to the blocks (x_(N-M)(n), y_(N-M)(n)), e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured tomap the second GI sequence, e.g., a GI sequence g_(2,M)(n), to the firstinterval and the second interval in the second space-time stream, forexample, by inserting the second GI sequence following data sequences ofthe second space-time stream, for example, following the data sequencescorresponding to the blocks (−y*_(N-M)(−n), x*_(N-M)(−n)), e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first GI sequence and the secondGI sequence may have a same length.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second GI sequences mayinclude different sequences, e.g., each having a length of M chips (orsamples).

In some demonstrative embodiments, each of the first and second GIsequences may have a length of 32 samples or 64 samples. In otherembodiments, each of the first and second GI sequences may have a lengthof 128 samples, or any other length.

In other embodiments, the first and/or second GI sequences may includeany other sequences of any other similar or different lengths.

In some demonstrative embodiments, each of the first and second GIsequences may include a Golay sequence, for example, a Golay sequenceGa₃₂, a Golay sequence Ga₆₄, or any other Golay sequence. In otherembodiments, each of the first and second GI sequences may include anyother Golay or non-Golay sequence.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may include, operateas, and/or perform the functionality of a time-frequency converter 127,which may be configured to convert the plurality of space-time streamsinto a respective plurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequencydomain, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, time-frequency converter 127 may beconfigured to convert the plurality of space-time streams into theplurality of frequency-domain streams, for example, by applying atime-frequency conversion function to the plurality of space-timestreams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, time-frequency converter 127 may beconfigured to convert the plurality of space-time streams into theplurality of frequency-domain streams, for example, by applying aDiscrete Fourier Transform (DFT), e.g., as described below. In otherembodiments, any other time-frequency conversion function may be used.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second intervals, whichmay be used by data mapper 125 to map the first and second datasequences, may be based on the time-frequency conversion functionimplemented by time-frequency converter 127.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second intervals mayinclude first and second DFT intervals, e.g., first and secondsubsequent DFT intervals.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second intervals mayeach have a size, e.g., N, of the DFT (“DFT size”) to be applied bytime-frequency converter 127.

In other embodiments, the first and second intervals may have any othersize and/or may include any other intervals, e.g., based on the sizeand/or type of the time-frequency conversion function.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may include, operateas, and/or perform the functionality of a spatial stream mapper 129,which may be configured to map the plurality of frequency-domain streamsto a plurality of frequency domain spatial streams to be transmitted aspart of the SC MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream mapper 129 may beconfigured to map the plurality of frequency-domain streams to theplurality of frequency domain spatial streams according to the STBCscheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit the SC MIMO transmission based on the pluralityof frequency domain streams, for example, as mapped by spatial streammapper 129 to the plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the SC MIMO transmission may includea N_(T)×N_(R) SC MIMO transmission, e.g., as described below. Forexample, N_(T) may be an integer equal to or greater than 2, and N_(R)may be an integer equal to or greater than 1.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit the SC MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidthin a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit the SC MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidthof 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz), e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit the plurality of spatial streams via a pluralityof antennas, e.g., including a plurality of directional antennas.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to transmit the first spatial stream via a first antenna ofantennas 107, and to transmit the second spatial stream via a secondantenna of antennas 107.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to generate and transmit the first space-time streamincluding, in the first interval, the first data sequence, for example,the data sequence corresponding to the block x_(N-M), followed by thefirst GI sequence, for example, g_(1,M)(n); and including, in the secondinterval subsequent to the first interval, the second data sequence, forexample, the data sequence corresponding to the block y_(N-M), followedby the first GI sequence, for example, g_(1,M)(n), e.g., e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 102 to generate and transmit the second space-time streamincluding, in the first interval, a sign-inverted and time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the second data sequence, e.g., a sign-inverted andtime-inverted complex conjugate of the data sequence corresponding tothe block y_(N-M), followed by the second GI sequence, for example,g_(2,M)(n); and including, in the second interval subsequent to thefirst interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first datasequence, e.g., a time-inverted complex conjugate of the data sequencecorresponding to the block x_(N-M), followed by the second GI sequence,for example, g_(2,M)(n), e.g., as described below.

Reference is made to FIG. 3, which schematically illustrates a SC blockstructure 300, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. Forexample, data mapper 125 (FIG. 1) may be configured to map datasequences to a plurality of space-time streams according to SC blockstructure 300 of FIG. 3.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SC block structure 300 may include aSC symbol blocking scheme for an STBC with two space-time streams, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments. The symbol blockstructure of FIG. 3 depicts the structure of two SC symbol blocks.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SC block structure 300 of FIG. 3 maybe configured to support a N_(T)×N_(R) SC MIMO transmission, forexample, which may be implemented in accordance with a future IEEE802.11ay Standard, and/or any other protocol, Standard and/orSpecification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SC block structure 300 may include afirst space-time stream 306, and a second space-time stream 308, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, SC blockstructure 300 may be configured to map two data sequences to twoconsecutive intervals, e.g., a first interval 322 and a second interval324 subsequent to first interval 322, in first space-time stream 306 andsecond space-time stream 308.

In some demonstrative embodiments, first interval 322 may include afirst DFT interval, and second interval 324 may include a second DFTinterval, for example, according to a size of a DFT interval of a DFT tobe applied to SC block structure 300, e.g., by time-frequency converter127 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, first space-time stream 306 andsecond space-time stream 308 may be configured to be converted, e.g., bytime-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1), into respective frequency-domainstreams in a frequency domain, and mapped, e.g., by spatial streammapper 129 (FIG. 1), to first and second frequency domain spatialstreams, according to an STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapped to first interval 322 ofspace-time streams 306 and 308 may be transmitted in a first SC symboltransmission at a first time, e.g., at the time T; and data mapped tosecond interval 324 of space-time streams 306 and 308 may be transmittedin a second SC symbol transmission at a second time, e.g., at the timeT+t, subsequent to the first time, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, SC blockstructure 300 may be configured to map to first interval 322 a firstdata sequence, e.g., a data sequence x_(N-M)(n), and a second datasequence repeated with encoding, e.g., an encoded data sequence−y*_(N-M)(−n), encoding a data sequence y_(N-M)(n), to be transmitted,for example, in a single SC symbol having a size of (N−M) samples.

For example, the data sequence x_(N-M)(n) may include (N−M) samples,e.g., x_(N-M)=[x₁, x₂, . . . , x_(N02-2), x_(N-M)]; and/or the datasequence y_(N-M)(n) may include (N−M) samples, e.g., y_(N-M)=[y₁, y₂, .. . , y_(N-M-1), y_(N-M)]. For example, N may denote the DFT size, forexample, of a DFT to be applied to SC block structure 300, e.g., bytime-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 300,first space-time stream 306 may include a first data sequence 310 infirst interval 322, the first data sequence 310 including the datasequence x_(N-M)(n), and first space-time stream 306 may include asecond data sequence 312 in second interval 324, including the datasequence y_(N-M)(n), e.g., to be transmitted in the subsequent SC symboltransmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 300,first data sequence 310, e.g., the data sequence x_(N-M)(n), may berepeated with encoding in second interval 324 of second space-timestream 308, e.g., to be transmitted in a subsequent SC symboltransmission. For example, second interval 324 of the second space-timestream 308 may include a time inversion and complex conjugation 320 offirst data sequence 310. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the subsequentSC symbol corresponding to second interval 324 in second space-timestream 308 may include the sequence x_(N-M)(−n)*=[x_(N-M)*, X_(N-M-1)*,. . . , x₂*, x₁*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 300,second data sequence 312, e.g., the data sequence y_(N-M)(n), may berepeated with encoding in first interval 322 of second space-time stream308. For example, first interval 322 of second space-time stream 308 mayinclude a time inversion, complex conjugation and sign inversion 318 ofsecond data sequence 312. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the SC symbolcorresponding to first interval 322 in second space-time stream 308 mayinclude the sequence −y_(N-M)(−n)*=[−y_(N-M)*, −y_(N-M-1)*, . . . ,−y₂*, −y₁*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 300,GI sequences may be mapped to first interval 322 and second interval 324of space-time stream 306, and to first interval 322 and second interval324 of space-time stream 308, e.g., as described below.

In one example, the GI sequences may include a Golay sequence with asize of M, e.g., based on the Golay sequence Ga₃₂, the Golay sequenceGa₆₄, or any other Golay sequence. In another example, the GI sequencesmay include any other Golay or non-Golay sequence.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 300,first interval 322 and second interval 324 of first space-time stream306 may include a first GI sequence 314, e.g., denoted g_(1,M)(n),following first data sequence 310, and second data sequence 312.

In some demonstrative embodiments, first GI sequence 314 may include aGI complex sequence of M samples, wherein the index n=1 . . . M, e.g.,g_(1,M)(n)=[g_(1,1), g_(1,2), . . . , g_(1,M-1), g_(1,M)].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 300,first interval 322 and second interval 324 of second space-time stream308 may include a second GI sequence 316, e.g., denoted g_(2,M)(n),following encoded repetition 318, and encoded repetition 320.

In some demonstrative embodiments, second GI sequence 316 may include aGI complex sequence of M samples, wherein the index n=1 . . . M, e.g.,g_(2,M)(n)=[g_(2,1), g_(2,2), . . . , g_(2,M-1), g_(2,M)].

In some demonstrative embodiments, the definition of the two differentsequences g_(1,M) and g_(2,M) as GIs in the space-time streams mayallow, for example, a technical advantage of avoiding coherent signaltransmission, and, as a result, avoiding unintentional beamforming.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI sequences g_(1,M) and g_(2,M)may include any suitable sequences, for example, Golay sequences,orthogonal sequences, and/or any other additional or alternativesequences.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the symbol structure shown in FIG. 3may be, for example, repeated for one or more additional subsequent SCsymbols, e.g., for one or more subsequent pairs of SC symbols.

In some demonstrative embodiments, two subsequent SC data blocks, e.g.,the data blocks (x, y), may be mapped to two subsequent SC symbols, forexample, while maintaining the same coding. Accordingly, two data blocksof the SC block structure may be transmitted using two SC symbols or twotime intervals, e.g., DFT intervals, for example, the first interval322, and the second interval 324.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102and/or 140 may be configured to communicate a SC transmission, e.g., aSC MIMO transmission, for example, according to a SC Symbol Blockingscheme configured for STBC over more than two Space-Time Streams, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the STBC blocking structure describedabove with respect to two space-time streams may be generalized to morethan two space-time streams, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the STBC blocking structure may beconfigured for an even number of space-time streams, e.g., as describedbelow.

Some demonstrative embodiments are described below with respect to theSTBC blocking structure configured for four space-time streams. In otherembodiments, the STBC blocking structure may be configured for any othernumber of space-time streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, data mapper 125 may be configured togenerate at least a first space-time stream, a second space-time stream,a third space-time stream, and a fourth space-time stream, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the first space-time stream mayinclude first space-time stream 306 (FIG. 3), and the second space-timestream may include second space-time stream 308 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, a third space-time stream mayinclude, in a first interval, a third data sequence followed by a thirdGI sequence, and/or the third space-time stream may include, in a secondinterval, a fourth data sequence followed by the third GI sequence.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the fourth space-time stream mayinclude, in the first interval, a sign-inverted and time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GIsequence, and/or the fourth space-time stream may include, in the secondinterval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the third data sequencefollowed by the fourth GI sequence, e.g., as described below.

Reference is made to FIG. 4, which schematically illustrates a SC blockstructure 400, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. Forexample, data mapper 125 (FIG. 1) may be configured to map datasequences to a plurality of space-time streams according to the SC blockstructure of FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SC block structure 400 may include aSC symbol blocking scheme for an STBC with four space-time streams, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SC block structure 400 may include afirst space-time stream 406, a second space-time stream 408, a thirdspace-time stream 404, and a fourth space-time stream 402, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, SC blockstructure 400 may be configured to map four data sequences to twoconsecutive intervals, e.g., a first interval 422 and a second interval424 subsequent to first interval 422, in first space-time stream 406,second space-time stream 408, third space-time stream 404, and fourthspace-time stream 402.

In some demonstrative embodiments, first space-time stream 406, secondspace-time stream 408, third space-time stream 404, and fourthspace-time stream 402 may be configured to be converted, e.g., bytime-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1), into respective frequency-domainstreams in a frequency domain, and mapped, e.g., by spatial streammapper 129 (FIG. 1), to first, second, third, and fourth frequencydomain spatial streams, according to the STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, for four space-timestreams, four blocks of input data, denoted x_(1,N-M), x_(2,N-M),x_(3,N-M), and x_(4,N-M), may be mapped to four space-time streams,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, SC blockstructure 400 may be configured to map to first interval 422 a firstdata sequence, e.g., the data sequence x_(1,N-M)(n), a second encodeddata sequence, e.g., an encoded repetition of data sequencex_(2,N-M)(n), a third data sequence, e.g., the data sequencex_(3,N-M)(n), and a fourth encoded data sequence, e.g., an encodedrepetition of data sequence x_(4,N-M)(n), to be transmitted, forexample, in a single SC symbol having a size of (N−M) samples, e.g.,over four spatial streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, SC blockstructure 400 may be configured to map to second interval 424 a seconddata sequence, e.g., the data sequence x_(2,N-M)(n), a first encodeddata sequence, e.g., an encoded repetition of data sequencex_(1,N-M)(n), a fourth data sequence, e.g., the data sequencex_(4,N-M)(n), and a third encoded data sequence, e.g., an encodedrepetition of data sequence x_(3,N-M)(n), to be transmitted, forexample, in a subsequent SC symbol transmission having a size of (N−M)samples, e.g., over the four spatial streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,first interval 422 in first space-time stream 406 may include a firstdata sequence 410 including the data sequence x_(1,N-M)(n), and secondinterval 424 in first space-time stream 408 may include a second datasequence 412 including the data sequence x_(2,N-M)(n).

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,first interval 422 in third space-time stream 404 may include a thirddata sequence 450 including the data sequence x_(3,N-M)(n), and secondinterval 424 in third space-time stream 450 may include a fourth datasequence 452 including the data sequence x_(4,N-M)(n).

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,first data sequence 410, e.g., x_(1,N-M)(n), may be repeated withencoding in second interval 424 of second space-time stream 408, e.g.,to be transmitted in a subsequent SC symbol transmission. For example,second interval 424 of second space-time stream 408 may include a timeinversion and complex conjugation 420 of first data sequence 410. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 4, the subsequent SC symbol corresponding tosecond interval 424 in second space-time stream 408 may include thesequence x*_(1,N-M)(−n)=[x_(1,N-M)*, x_(1,N-M-1)*, . . . , x_(1,2)*,x_(1,1)*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,second data sequence 412, e.g., x_(2,N-M)(n), may be repeated withencoding in first interval 422 of second space-time stream 408. Forexample, first interval 422 of second space-time stream 408 may includea time inversion, complex conjugation and sign inversion 418 of seconddata sequence 412. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the SC symbolcorresponding to first interval 422 in second space-time stream 408 mayinclude the sequence −x*_(2,N-M)(−n)=[−x_(2,N-M)*, −x_(2,N-M-1)*, . . ., −x_(2,2)*, −x_(2,1)*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,third data sequence 450, e.g., x_(3,N-M)(n), may be repeated withencoding in second interval 424 of fourth space-time stream 402, e.g.,to be transmitted in the subsequent SC symbol transmission. For example,second interval 424 of fourth space-time stream 402 may include a timeinversion and complex conjugation 460 of third data sequence 450. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 4, the subsequent SC symbol corresponding tosecond interval 424 in fourth space-time stream 402 may include thesequence x*_(3,N-M)(−n)=[x_(3,N-M)*, x_(3,N-M-1)*, . . . , x_(3,2)*,x_(3,1)*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,fourth data sequence 452, e.g., x_(4,N-M)(n), may be repeated withencoding in first interval 422 of fourth space-time stream 402. Forexample, first interval 422 of fourth space-time stream 402 may includea time inversion, complex conjugation and sign inversion 458 of fourthdata sequence 452. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the SC symbolcorresponding to first interval 422 in fourth space-time stream 402 mayinclude the sequence −x*_(4,N-M)(−n)=[−x_(4,N-M)*, −x_(4,N-M-1*), . . ., −x_(4,1)*, −x_(4,1)*].

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, four GIsequences, denoted g_(1,M), g_(2,M), g_(3,M), g_(4,M), may be definedfor the four space-time streams, respectively, For example, the four GIsequences may include different sequences, e.g., to avoid unintentionalbeamforming. The GI sequences may include Golay sequences, orthogonalsequences and/or any other additional or alternative sequences.

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,first interval 422 and second interval 424 of first space-time stream406 may include a first GI sequence 414, e.g., denoted g_(1,M)(n),following first data sequence 410, and second data sequence 412.

In some demonstrative embodiments, first GI sequence 414 may include aGI complex sequence of M samples, wherein the index n=1 . . . M, e.g.,g_(1,M)(n)=[g_(1,1), g_(1,2), . . . , g_(1,M)].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,first interval 422 and second interval 424 of second space-time stream408 may include a second GI sequence 416, e.g., denoted g_(2,M)(n),following encoded repetition 418, and encoded repetition 420.

In some demonstrative embodiments, second GI sequence 416 may include aGI complex sequence of M samples, wherein the index n=1 . . . M, e.g.,g_(2,M)(n)=[g_(2,1), g_(2,2), g_(2,M-1), g_(2,M)].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,first interval 422 and second interval 424 of third space-time stream404 may include a third GI sequence 454, e.g., denoted g_(3,M)(n),following third data sequence 450, and fourth data sequence 452.

In some demonstrative embodiments, third GI sequence 454 may include aGI complex sequence of M samples, wherein the index n=1 . . . M, e.g.,g_(3,M)(n)=[g_(3,1), g_(3,2), . . . , g_(3,M-1), g_(3,M)].

In some demonstrative embodiments, according to SC block structure 400,first interval 422 and second interval 424 of fourth space-time stream402 may include a fourth GI sequence 456, e.g., denoted g_(4,M)(n),following encoded repetition 458, and encoded repetition 460.

In some demonstrative embodiments, fourth GI sequence 456 may include aGI complex sequence of M samples, wherein the index n=1 . . . M, e.g.,g_(4,M)(n)=[g_(4,1), g_(4,2), g_(4,M-1), g_(4,M)].

In some demonstrative embodiments, the STBC blocking structure of FIG. 4may be generalized for any other number of N_(STS) space-time streams,e.g., N_(STS) may be equal to or greater than 2.

Reference is made to FIG. 5, which schematically illustrates a SC PHYtransmission 500 according to an STBC scheme, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the SCtransmission may include a 2×1 transmission with the STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 (FIG. 1) and/or 140(FIG. 1) may be configured to communicate the SC PHY transmission 500according to the STBC scheme, which may be configured, for example, for2×1 transmission with the STBC scheme, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, symbols of afirst spatial stream 506, denoted STS #1, and a second spatial stream508, denoted STS #2, may include the symbols of space-time streams 306and 308 (FIG. 3), respectively.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a first symbol530, e.g., corresponding to a first SC symbol, may include the sequences310 and 314 (FIG. 3), in first space-time stream 506 to be transmittedvia a first antenna 561 at a first time interval 522, e.g., at the timeT. For example, first symbol 530 in first space-time stream 506 may betransmitted during the first time interval 522.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the first symbol530, e.g., the first SC symbol, may include the sequences 318 and 316(FIG. 3), in second space-time stream 508 to be transmitted via a secondantenna 521 at the time T. For example, first symbol 530 in secondspace-time stream 508 may be transmitted during first time interval 522.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a second symbol532, e.g., corresponding to a second SC symbol, subsequent to the symbol530, may include the sequences 312 and 314 (FIG. 3), in first space-timestream 506 to be transmitted via first antenna 561 at a second timeinterval 524, e.g., at the time T+t, subsequent to the first time. Forexample, second symbol 532 in first space-time stream 506 may betransmitted during the second time interval 524.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the second symbol532, e.g., corresponding to the second SC symbol, subsequent to thesymbol 530, may include the sequences 320 and 316 (FIG. 3), in secondspace-time stream 508 to be transmitted via second antenna 521 at thetime T+t. For example, second symbol 532 in second space-time stream 508may be transmitted during a second time interval 524.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 (FIG. 1) and/or 140(FIG. 1) may be configured to communicate first space-time stream 506via a first communication channel, denoted H1.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 (FIG. 1) and/or 140(FIG. 1) may be configured to communicate second space-time stream 508via a second communication channel, denoted H2.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a signal transmitted during firstinterval 522, denoted T1, in the frequency domain, e.g., in firstspace-time stream 506, denoted STS #1, and second space-time stream 508,denoted STS #2, may be defined as a superposition of the data and GIsignals, e.g., as follows:STS #1: X _(T1)(k)=X(k)+G ₁(k);STS #2: Y _(T1)(k)=Y(k)+G2(k);  (1)

where: X=DFT(x), Y=DFT(y), G₁=DFT(g₁), G₂=DFT(g₂).

In one example, the transmitted signal may be defined for M=64 andN=512, as described below, for the certainty of explanation, e.g., withrespect to parameters in compliance with a legacy case. In otherembodiments, any other values of M and/or N may be used.

For example, the signals x, y, g₁ and g₂ in the time domain may bedefined, e.g., as follows:

$\begin{matrix}{{x(n)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{{x_{448}(n)},} & {n = \text{0:447}} \\{0,} & {n = \text{448:511}}\end{matrix} \right.} & (2) \\{{y(n)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{{y_{448}(n)},} & {n = \text{0:447}} \\{0,} & {n = \text{448:511}}\end{matrix} \right.} & \; \\{{g_{1}(n)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{0,} & {n = \text{0:447}} \\{{g_{1,64}\left( {n - 448} \right)},} & {n = \text{448:511}}\end{matrix} \right.} & \; \\{{g_{2}(n)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{0,} & {n = \text{0:447}} \\{{g_{2,64}\left( {n - 448} \right)},} & {n = \text{448:511}}\end{matrix} \right.} & \;\end{matrix}$

According to these definitions, the signal vectors x, y, g₁ and g₂ maybe orthogonal in the time domain.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, controller154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control a wirelessstation implemented by device 140 to process a SC transmission, e.g., aSC MIMO transmission, received from another station, for example, thestation implemented by device 102, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 140, to process the SC MIMO transmission received via one or moreantennas 147 of device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 140, to receive and process the SC MIMO transmission according toan STBC structure corresponding to a plurality of space-time streams,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 140, to demodulate at least a first space-time stream and asecond space-time stream from the SC MIMO transmission. The firstspace-time stream may include, in a first interval, a first datasequence followed by a first GI sequence, the first space-time streammay include, in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, asecond data sequence followed by the first GI sequence, the second spacetime stream may include, in the first interval, a sign-inverted andtime-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence followed bythe second GI sequence, and/or the second stream may include, in thesecond interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first datasequence followed by the second GI sequence, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 140, to demodulate the SC MIMO transmission according to a LinearMinimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) scheme, e.g., as described below.

In other embodiments, controller 154 may be configured to cause,trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 140,to demodulate the SC MIMO transmission according to any other additionalor alternative demodulation scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 140, to receive and process the SC MIMO transmission encodedaccording to the STBC symbol blocking mapping, for example, the STBCsymbol blocking mapping of FIG. 3 or 4, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device140, to process the received SC MIMO transmission according to ademodulation scheme, which may be configured for data and GIsdemodulation according to an STBC structure.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may include, operateas, and/or perform the functionality of a demodulator 157, which may beconfigured to demodulate the received SC MIMO transmission, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the received SC MIMO transmission mayinclude a plurality of space-time streams, e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, demodulator 157 may be configured todemodulate the plurality of space-time streams of the SC MIMOtransmission, for example, according to the STBC structure, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, demodulator 157 may be configured todemodulate at least a first space-time stream and a second space-timestream.

For example, the first space-time stream may include first space-timestream 306 (FIG. 3), and/or the second space-time stream may includesecond space-time stream 308 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, at the receiver side, e.g., at device140, a space-time demodulation technique, for example, an STBCdemodulation technique, e.g., an Alamouti demodulation technique or anyother STBC demodulation scheme, may be used, for example, to demodulateat least the first space-time stream, e.g., first space-time stream 306(FIG. 3), and/or the second space-time stream, e.g., second space-timestream 308 (FIG. 3), e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the received signals, for example, byan antenna 147 of device 140, denoted RX #1, in the frequency domain fortime intervals T1 and T2, e.g., intervals 522 and 524 (FIG. 5)respectively, may be defined, e.g., as follows:

RX #1, time interval T1:R _(T1)(k)=H ₁(k)*X(k)+H ₂(k)*Y(k)+H ₁(k)*G ₁(k)+H ₂(k)*G ₂(k)+Z_(T1)(k);

RX #1, time interval T2:R _(T2)(k)=ph(k)*(H ₁(k)*X*(k)−H ₂(k)*Y*(k))+H ₁(k)*G ₁(k)+H ₂(k)*G₂(k)+Z _(T2)(k);  (3)

-   -   where:    -   ph(k)=exp(−j(2π/512)*Δt*k), Δt=65 chips;    -   X(k) and Y(k)—data signals;    -   G₁(k) and G₂(k)—GI signals;    -   Z_(T1)(k) and Z_(T2)(k)—AWGN ˜CN(0, σ²) noise samples.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the demodulation scheme may beconfigured with respect to a transmission received via one receiveantenna, e.g., as described above. In other embodiments, thedemodulation scheme may be generalized for any other number of Rxantennas.

In some demonstrative embodiments, during the time interval T2 the datapart signals X* and Y* may be transmitted, for example, while beingmultiplied by the phasor ph(k) value.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the operation of the phasor ph(k) canbe explained, e.g., as described below.

For example, in the STS #2, e.g., second space-time stream 508 (FIG. 5)and time interval T2, the transmitted signal may be defined as follows:x*(−n)=(x*(447),x*(446), . . . ,x*(0),0₀,0₁, . . . ,0₆₃)  (4)

For example, the phasor operation applied in the frequency domain mayresult in a cyclic shift in the time domain, e.g., as follows:x ^(˜)(n)=(x*(0),0₀,0₁, . . . ,0₆₃ ,x*(447),x*(446), . . . ,x*(1))  (5)

For example, due to the property of the Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT), the phasor operation may result in complex conjugated subcarriersin the frequency domain, for example, X*(k)=DFT(x^(˜)(n)).

Accordingly, DFT(x*(−n))*exp(−j(2π/512)*65*k)=X*(k); andDFT(x*(−n))=X*(k)*exp(+j(2π/512)*65*k).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the phasor may be treated, forexample, as a part of the channel transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 140, to apply a LMMSE solution for the data part of the SC MIMOtransmission, e.g., as follows:

$\begin{matrix}{\begin{bmatrix}{X^{\bigwedge}(k)} \\{Y^{\bigwedge}(k)}\end{bmatrix} = {\frac{1}{{{H_{1}(k)}}^{2} + {{H_{2}(k)}}^{2} + \sigma^{2}} \cdot \begin{bmatrix}{H_{1}^{*}(k)} & {{H_{2}(k)}e^{{- j}\frac{2\;\pi}{512}k\; 65}} \\{H_{2}^{*}(k)} & {{- {H_{1}(k)}}e^{{- j}\frac{2\;\pi}{512}k\; 65}}\end{bmatrix} \cdot \begin{bmatrix}{R_{T\; 1}(k)} \\{R_{T\; 2}^{*}(k)}\end{bmatrix}}} & (6)\end{matrix}$wherein X{circumflex over ( )}(k) and Y{circumflex over ( )}(k) denoteestimated X and Y signals at the subcarrier with the index k.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the LMMSE solution may provide, forexample, data estimation in the frequency domain, which, in turn, may betransformed into the time domain, for example, by applying an InverseDFT (IDFT), for example, to obtain the estimations x{circumflex over( )}(n) and y{circumflex over ( )}(n).

In some demonstrative embodiments, such an equalizer solution may bebased on an assumption that H{circumflex over ( )}₁(k)˜=H₁(k) andH{circumflex over ( )}₂(k)˜=H₂(k) for simplicity, e.g., assuming thatchannel estimation accuracy is good enough.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the equalizer solution may becomputed only once, e.g., during a channel estimation stage.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the station receiving thetransmission, e.g., the wireless station implemented by device 140, maybe configured to apply an LMMSE solution for the GI part of thetransmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the equalizer solution may provide agood equalization, e.g., a “perfect” equalization, of the data partonly, for example, while not providing equalization for the GI part ofthe signal.

In some demonstrative embodiments, GI sequences may not be “perfectly”equalized, e.g., after conversion into the time domain.

In some demonstrative embodiments, known GIs may be used, for example,for one or more PHY estimations at a receiver side, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the fact that the GI signals may beknown to the receiver, may allow to pre-calculate the GIs, for example,during a channel estimation stage, e.g., as follows:

$\begin{matrix}{\begin{bmatrix}{G_{1}^{\sim}(k)} \\{G_{2}^{\sim}(k)}\end{bmatrix} = {\frac{1}{{{H_{1}(k)}}^{2} + {{H_{2}(k)}}^{2} + \sigma^{2}} \cdot \begin{bmatrix}{H_{1}^{*}(k)} & {{H_{2}(k)}e^{{- j}\frac{2\;\pi}{512}k\; 65}} \\{H_{2}^{*}(k)} & {{- {H_{1}(k)}}e^{{- j}\frac{2\;\pi}{512}k\; 65}}\end{bmatrix} \cdot {\quad{{\left. \begin{bmatrix}{{{H_{1}(k)}{G_{1}(k)}} + {{H_{2}(k)}{G_{2}(k)}}} \\{{{H_{1}^{*}(k)}{G_{1}^{*}(k)}} + {{H_{2}^{*}(k)}{G_{2}^{*}(k)}}}\end{bmatrix}\Longrightarrow g_{1}^{\sim} \right. = {{IDFT}\left( G_{1}^{\sim} \right)}},{g_{2}^{\sim} = {{IDFT}\left( G_{2}^{\sim} \right)}}}}}} & (7)\end{matrix}$

For example, the signals g˜1 and/or g˜2 may be used for phase trackingin time domain, e.g., as known GIs.

In some demonstrative embodiments, there may be no Inter SymbolInterference (ISI) for the data, and, accordingly, GI transition areaafter considered equalization.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the data and GI may be well isolatedafter application of equalization and, accordingly, data “leakage” maybe relatively small.

Reference is made to FIG. 6, which schematically illustrates a method ofcommunicating a SC MIMO transmission, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations ofthe method of FIG. 6 may be performed by one or more elements of asystem, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, one or more wirelessdevices, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1), and/or device 140 (FIG. 1); acontroller, e.g., controller 124 (FIG. 1), and/or controller 154 (FIG.1); a data mapper, e.g., data mapper 125 (FIG. 1); a time-frequencyconverter, e.g., time-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1); a spatial streammapper, e.g., spatial stream mapper 129 (FIG. 1); a demodulator, e.g.,demodulator 157 (FIG. 1); a radio, e.g., radio 114 (FIG. 1), and/orradio 144 (FIG. 1); a transmitter, e.g., transmitter 118 (FIG. 1),and/or transmitter 148 (FIG. 1); a receiver e.g., receiver 116 (FIG. 1),and/or receiver 146 (FIG. 1); and/or a message processor, e.g., messageprocessor 128 (FIG. 1), and/or message processor 158 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 602, the method may include generating a pluralityof space-time streams according to an STBC structure. For example,controller 124 (FIG. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/orcontrol the wireless station implemented by device 102 (FIG. 1) togenerate a plurality of space-time streams according to an STBCstructure, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 604, generating the plurality of space-timestreams may include generating at least a first space-time stream and asecond space-time stream, the first space-time stream including, in afirst interval, a first data sequence followed by a first GI sequence,the first space-time stream including, in a second interval subsequentto the first interval, a second data sequence followed by the first GIsequence, the second space-time stream including, in the first interval,a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence followed by a second GI sequence, the second space-time streamincluding, in the second interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe first data sequence followed by the second GI sequence. For example,controller 124 (FIG. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/orcontrol the wireless station implemented by device 102 (FIG. 1) togenerate the first and second space-time streams, for example, accordingto SC block structure 300 (FIG. 3) or SC block structure 400 (FIG. 4),e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 606, the method may include transmitting a SC MIMOtransmission based on the plurality of space-time streams. For example,controller 124 (FIG. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/orcontrol the wireless station implemented by device 102 (FIG. 1) totransmit a SC MIMO transmission based on the plurality of space-timestreams, for example, according to the STBC scheme of FIG. 3, or FIG. 4,e.g., as described above.

Reference is made to FIG. 7, which schematically illustrates a method ofcommunicating a SC MIMO transmission, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations ofthe method of FIG. 6 may be performed by one or more elements of asystem, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, one or more wirelessdevices, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1), and/or device 140 (FIG. 1); acontroller, e.g., controller 124 (FIG. 1), and/or controller 154 (FIG.1); a data mapper, e.g., data mapper 125 (FIG. 1); a time-frequencyconverter, e.g., time-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1); a spatial streammapper, e.g., spatial stream mapper 129 (FIG. 1); a demodulator, e.g.,demodulator 157 (FIG. 1); a radio, e.g., radio 114 (FIG. 1), and/orradio 144 (FIG. 1); a transmitter, e.g., transmitter 118 (FIG. 1),and/or transmitter 148 (FIG. 1); a receiver e.g., receiver 116 (FIG. 1),and/or receiver 146 (FIG. 1); and/or a message processor, e.g., messageprocessor 128 (FIG. 1), and/or message processor 158 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 702, the method may include processing a SC MIMOtransmission received via one or more antennas of a wireless station.For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1) may be configured to cause,trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 140(FIG. 1) to process a SC MIMO transmission received via one or moreantennas 147 (FIG. 1) of device 140 (FIG. 1), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 704, the method may include demodulating the SCMIMO transmission according to an STBC structure of a plurality ofstreams of the SC MIMO transmission. For example, controller 154(FIG. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control thewireless station implemented by device 140 (FIG. 1) to demodulate the SCMIMO transmission according to the STBC structure of the plurality ofstreams of the SC MIMO transmission, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 706, demodulating the SC MIMO transmission mayinclude demodulating at least a first space-time stream and a secondspace-time stream, the first space-time stream including, in a firstinterval, a first data sequence followed by a first Guard Interval (GI)sequence, the first space-time stream including, in a second intervalsubsequent to the first interval, a second data sequence followed by thefirst GI sequence, the second space-time stream including, in the firstinterval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data sequence followed by a second GI sequence, the secondspace-time stream including, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the first data sequence followed by the second GIsequence. For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1) may be configured tocause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented bydevice 140 (FIG. 1) to demodulate the first and second space-timestreams, e.g., as described above.

Reference is made to FIG. 8, which schematically illustrates a productof manufacture 800, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.Product 800 may include one or more tangible computer-readable (“machinereadable”) non-transitory storage media 802, which may includecomputer-executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 804,operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the atleast one processor to implement one or more operations at device 102(FIG. 1), device 140 (FIG. 1), radio 114 (FIG. 1), radio 144 (FIG. 1),transmitter 118 (FIG. 1), transmitter 148 (FIG. 1), receiver 116 (FIG.1), receiver 146 (FIG. 1), controller 124 (FIG. 1), controller 154 (FIG.1), spatial stream mapper 129 (FIG. 1), demodulator 157 (FIG. 1), datamapper 125 (FIG. 1), time-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1), messageprocessor 128 (FIG. 1), and/or message processor 158 (FIG. 1), to causedevice 102 (FIG. 1), device 140 (FIG. 1), radio 114 (FIG. 1), radio 144(FIG. 1), transmitter 118 (FIG. 1), transmitter 148 (FIG. 1), receiver116 (FIG. 1), receiver 146 (FIG. 1), controller 124 (FIG. 1), controller154 (FIG. 1), Golay sequence generator 129 (FIG. 1), spatial streammapper 129 (FIG. 1), demodulator 157 (FIG. 1), data mapper 125 (FIG. 1),time-frequency converter 127 (FIG. 1), message processor 128 (FIG. 1),and/or message processor 158 (FIG. 1), to perform one or moreoperations, and/or to perform, trigger and/or implement one or moreoperations, communications and/or functionalities described above withreference to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and/or 7, and/or one or moreoperations described herein. The phrases “computer-readablenon-transitory storage media” and “machine-readable non-transitorystorage media” are directed to include all computer-readable media, withthe sole exception being a transitory propagating signal.

In some demonstrative embodiments, product 800 and/or machine readablestorage media 802 may include one or more types of computer-readablestorage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory,non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable ornon-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. Forexample, machine readable storage media 802 may include, RAM, DRAM,Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), CompactDisk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory(e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM),polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory,silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppydisk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magneticcard, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. Thecomputer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involvedwith downloading or transferring a computer program from a remotecomputer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in acarrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link,e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include instructions,data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause themachine to perform a method, process and/or operations as describedherein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processingplatform, computing platform, computing device, processing device,computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like,and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware,software, firmware, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include, or may beimplemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program,a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words,values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitabletype of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code,executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Theinstructions may be implemented according to a predefined computerlanguage, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform acertain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitablehigh-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/orinterpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab,Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitryconfigured to cause a wireless station to generate a plurality ofspace-time streams according to a Space Time Block Coding (STBC)structure, the plurality of space-time streams comprising at least afirst space-time stream and a second space-time stream, the firstspace-time stream comprising, in a first interval, a first data sequencefollowed by a first Guard Interval (GI) sequence, the first space-timestream comprising, in a second interval subsequent to the firstinterval, a second data sequence followed by the first GI sequence, thesecond space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, asign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence followed by a second GI sequence, the second space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe first data sequence followed by the second GI sequence; and transmita Single Carrier (SC) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmissionbased on the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally,wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbol block, and thesecond data sequence comprises a second symbol block subsequent to thefirst symbol block.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 1 or 2, and optionally,wherein the first GI sequence is different from the second GI sequence.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences comprisesa Golay sequence.

Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wirelessstation to convert the plurality of space-time streams into a respectiveplurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequency domain, and to mapthe plurality of frequency domain streams to a plurality of frequencydomain spatial streams according to an STBC scheme.

Example 10 includes the subject matter of Example 9, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wirelessstation to transmit a first spatial stream of the SC MIMO transmissionvia a first antenna and a second spatial stream of the SC MIMOtransmission via a second antenna.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-11, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an N_(T)×N_(R) SCMIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal to or greater than2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, andoptionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises transmission ofan Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer ProtocolData Unit (PPDU).

Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wirelessstation to transmit the SC MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth ina frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wirelessstation to transmit the SC MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-17, andoptionally, comprising a plurality of directional antennas to transmitthe SC MIMO transmission.

Example 19 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-18, andoptionally, comprising a radio, a memory, and a processor.

Example 20 includes a system of wireless communication comprising awireless station, the wireless station comprising a plurality ofdirectional antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controllerconfigured to cause the wireless station to generate a plurality ofspace-time streams according to a Space Time Block Coding (STBC)structure, the plurality of space-time streams comprising at least afirst space-time stream and a second space-time stream, the firstspace-time stream comprising, in a first interval, a first data sequencefollowed by a first Guard Interval (GI) sequence, the first space-timestream comprising, in a second interval subsequent to the firstinterval, a second data sequence followed by the first GI sequence, thesecond space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, asign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence followed by a second GI sequence, the second space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe first data sequence followed by the second GI sequence; and transmita Single Carrier (SC) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmissionbased on the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 20, and optionally,wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbol block, and thesecond data sequence comprises a second symbol block subsequent to thefirst symbol block.

Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 20 or 21, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from the secondGI sequence.

Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-22, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-23, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-24, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-25, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences comprisesa Golay sequence.

Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-26, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-27, andoptionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the wirelessstation to convert the plurality of space-time streams into a respectiveplurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequency domain, and to mapthe plurality of frequency domain streams to a plurality of frequencydomain spatial streams according to an STBC scheme.

Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 28, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-29, andoptionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the wirelessstation to transmit a first spatial stream of the SC MIMO transmissionvia a first antenna and a second spatial stream of the SC MIMOtransmission via a second antenna.

Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-30, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an N_(T)×N_(R) SCMIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal to or greater than2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-31, andoptionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 33 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-32, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises transmission ofan Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer ProtocolData Unit (PPDU).

Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-33, andoptionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the wirelessstation to transmit the SC MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth ina frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 35 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-34, andoptionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the wirelessstation to transmit the SC MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 36 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 20-35, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 37 includes a method to be performed at a wireless station, themethod comprising generating a plurality of space-time streams accordingto a Space Time Block Coding (STBC) structure, the plurality ofspace-time streams comprising at least a first space-time stream and asecond space-time stream, the first space-time stream comprising, in afirst interval, a first data sequence followed by a first Guard Interval(GI) sequence, the first space-time stream comprising, in a secondinterval subsequent to the first interval, a second data sequencefollowed by the first GI sequence, the second space-time streamcomprising, in the first interval, a sign-inverted and time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the second data sequence followed by a second GIsequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in the secondinterval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequencefollowed by the second GI sequence; and transmitting a Single Carrier(SC) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based on theplurality of space-time streams.

Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37, and optionally,wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbol block, and thesecond data sequence comprises a second symbol block subsequent to thefirst symbol block.

Example 39 includes the subject matter of Example 37 or 38, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from the secondGI sequence.

Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-39, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-40, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-41, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-42, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences comprisesa Golay sequence.

Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-43, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-44, andoptionally, comprising converting the plurality of space-time streamsinto a respective plurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequencydomain, and mapping the plurality of frequency domain streams to aplurality of frequency domain spatial streams according to an STBCscheme.

Example 46 includes the subject matter of Example 45, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-46, andoptionally, comprising transmitting a first spatial stream of the SCMIMO transmission via a first antenna and a second spatial stream of theSC MIMO transmission via a second antenna.

Example 48 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-47, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an N_(T)×N_(R) SCMIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal to or greater than2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 49 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-48, andoptionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 50 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-49, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises transmission ofan Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer ProtocolData Unit (PPDU).

Example 51 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-50, andoptionally, comprising transmitting the SC MIMO transmission over achannel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-51, andoptionally, comprising transmitting the SC MIMO transmission over achannel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 53 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-52, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 54 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wirelessstation to generate a plurality of space-time streams according to aSpace Time Block Coding (STBC) structure, the plurality of space-timestreams comprising at least a first space-time stream and a secondspace-time stream, the first space-time stream comprising, in a firstinterval, a first data sequence followed by a first Guard Interval (GI)sequence, the first space-time stream comprising, in a second intervalsubsequent to the first interval, a second data sequence followed by thefirst GI sequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in the firstinterval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data sequence followed by a second GI sequence, the secondspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the first data sequence followed by the second GIsequence; and transmit a Single Carrier (SC)Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission based on theplurality of space-time streams.

Example 55 includes the subject matter of Example 54, and optionally,wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbol block, and thesecond data sequence comprises a second symbol block subsequent to thefirst symbol block.

Example 56 includes the subject matter of Example 54 or 55, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from the secondGI sequence.

Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-56, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-57, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-58, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-59, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences comprisesa Golay sequence.

Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-60, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-61, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the wirelessstation to convert the plurality of space-time streams into a respectiveplurality of frequency-domain streams in a frequency domain, and to mapthe plurality of frequency domain streams to a plurality of frequencydomain spatial streams according to an STBC scheme.

Example 63 includes the subject matter of Example 62, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 64 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-63, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the wirelessstation to transmit a first spatial stream of the SC MIMO transmissionvia a first antenna and a second spatial stream of the SC MIMOtransmission via a second antenna.

Example 65 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-64, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an N_(T)×N_(R) SCMIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal to or greater than2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-65, andoptionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 67 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-66, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises transmission ofan Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer ProtocolData Unit (PPDU).

Example 68 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-67, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the wirelessstation to transmit the SC MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth ina frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 69 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-68, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the wirelessstation to transmit the SC MIMO transmission over a channel bandwidth of2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-69, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 71 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a wirelessstation, the apparatus comprising means for generating a plurality ofspace-time streams according to a Space Time Block Coding (STBC)structure, the plurality of space-time streams comprising at least afirst space-time stream and a second space-time stream, the firstspace-time stream comprising, in a first interval, a first data sequencefollowed by a first Guard Interval (GI) sequence, the first space-timestream comprising, in a second interval subsequent to the firstinterval, a second data sequence followed by the first GI sequence, thesecond space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, asign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of the second datasequence followed by a second GI sequence, the second space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe first data sequence followed by the second GI sequence; and meansfor transmitting a Single Carrier (SC) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO) transmission based on the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 72 includes the subject matter of Example 71, and optionally,wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbol block, and thesecond data sequence comprises a second symbol block subsequent to thefirst symbol block.

Example 73 includes the subject matter of Example 71 or 72, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from the secondGI sequence.

Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-73, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-74, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-75, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-76, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences comprisesa Golay sequence.

Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-77, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 79 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-78, andoptionally, comprising means for converting the plurality of space-timestreams into a respective plurality of frequency-domain streams in afrequency domain, and mapping the plurality of frequency domain streamsto a plurality of frequency domain spatial streams according to an STBCscheme.

Example 80 includes the subject matter of Example 79, and optionally,wherein the STBC scheme comprises an Alamouti scheme.

Example 81 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-80, andoptionally, comprising means for transmitting a first spatial stream ofthe SC MIMO transmission via a first antenna and a second spatial streamof the SC MIMO transmission via a second antenna.

Example 82 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-81, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an N_(T)×N_(R) SCMIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal to or greater than2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 83 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-82, andoptionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 84 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-83, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises transmission ofan Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer ProtocolData Unit (PPDU).

Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-84, andoptionally, comprising means for transmitting the SC MIMO transmissionover a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-85, andoptionally, comprising means for transmitting the SC MIMO transmissionover a channel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 87 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 71-86, andoptionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 88 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitryconfigured to cause a wireless station to process a Single Carrier (SC)Multi-In-Multi-Out (MIMO) transmission received via one or more antennasof the wireless station; and demodulate the SC MIMO transmissionaccording to a Space Time Block Coding (STBC) structure of a pluralityof streams of the SC MIMO transmission, the plurality of streamscomprising at least a first space-time stream and a second space-timestream, the first space-time stream comprising, in a first interval, afirst data sequence followed by a first Guard Interval (GI) sequence,the first space-time stream comprising, in a second interval subsequentto the first interval, a second data sequence followed by the first GIsequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in the firstinterval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate of thesecond data sequence followed by a second GI sequence, the secondspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the first data sequence followed by the second GIsequence.

Example 89 includes the subject matter of Example 88, and optionally,wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the wireless station todemodulate the SC MIMO transmission according to a Linear Minimum MeanSquare Error (LMMSE) scheme.

Example 90 includes the subject matter of Example 88 or 89, andoptionally, wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbolblock, and the second data sequence comprises a second symbol blocksubsequent to the first symbol block.

Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-90, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from the secondGI sequence.

Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-91, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 93 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-92, andoptionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 94 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-93, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 95 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-94, andoptionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences comprisesa Golay sequence.

Example 96 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-95, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 97 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-96, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an N_(T)×N_(R) SCMIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal to or greater than2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 98 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-97, andoptionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 99 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-98, andoptionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an EnhancedDirectional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit(PPDU).

Example 100 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-99,and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause thewireless station to receive the SC MIMO transmission over a channelbandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 101 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-100,and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause thewireless station to receive the SC MIMO transmission over a channelbandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 102 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-101,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 103 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-102,and optionally, comprising the one or more antennas.

Example 104 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 88-103,and optionally, comprising a radio, a memory, and a processor.

Example 105 includes a system of wireless communication comprising awireless station, the wireless station comprising one or more antennas;a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause thewireless station to process a Single Carrier (SC) Multi-In-Multi-Out(MIMO) transmission received via one or more antennas of the wirelessstation; and demodulate the SC MIMO transmission according to a SpaceTime Block Coding (STBC) structure of a plurality of streams of the SCMIMO transmission, the plurality of streams comprising at least a firstspace-time stream and a second space-time stream, the first space-timestream comprising, in a first interval, a first data sequence followedby a first Guard Interval (GI) sequence, the first space-time streamcomprising, in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, asecond data sequence followed by the first GI sequence, the secondspace-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a sign-inverted andtime-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence followed bya second GI sequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in thesecond interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first datasequence followed by the second GI sequence.

Example 106 includes the subject matter of Example 105, and optionally,wherein the controller is configured to cause the wireless station todemodulate the SC MIMO transmission according to a Linear Minimum MeanSquare Error (LMMSE) scheme.

Example 107 includes the subject matter of Example 105 or 106, andoptionally, wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbolblock, and the second data sequence comprises a second symbol blocksubsequent to the first symbol block.

Example 108 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-107,and optionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from thesecond GI sequence.

Example 109 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-108,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 110 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-109,and optionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 111 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-110,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 112 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-111,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequencescomprises a Golay sequence.

Example 113 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-112,and optionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 114 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-113,and optionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises anN_(T)×N_(R) SC MIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal toor greater than 2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 115 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-114,and optionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 116 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-115,and optionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an EnhancedDirectional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit(PPDU).

Example 117 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-116,and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause thewireless station to receive the SC MIMO transmission over a channelbandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 118 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-117,and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause thewireless station to receive the SC MIMO transmission over a channelbandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 119 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-118,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 120 includes a method to be performed at a wireless station, themethod comprising processing a Single Carrier (SC) Multi-In-Multi-Out(MIMO) transmission received via one or more antennas of the wirelessstation; and demodulating the SC MIMO transmission according to a SpaceTime Block Coding (STBC) structure of a plurality of streams of the SCMIMO transmission, the plurality of streams comprising at least a firstspace-time stream and a second space-time stream, the first space-timestream comprising, in a first interval, a first data sequence followedby a first Guard Interval (GI) sequence, the first space-time streamcomprising, in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, asecond data sequence followed by the first GI sequence, the secondspace-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a sign-inverted andtime-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence followed bya second GI sequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in thesecond interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first datasequence followed by the second GI sequence.

Example 121 includes the subject matter of Example 120, and optionally,comprising demodulating the SC MIMO transmission according to a LinearMinimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) scheme.

Example 122 includes the subject matter of Example 120 or 121, andoptionally, wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbolblock, and the second data sequence comprises a second symbol blocksubsequent to the first symbol block.

Example 123 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-122,and optionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from thesecond GI sequence.

Example 124 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-123,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 125 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-124,and optionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 126 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-125,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 127 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-126,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequencescomprises a Golay sequence.

Example 128 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-127,and optionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 129 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-128,and optionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises anN_(T)×N_(R) SC MIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal toor greater than 2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 130 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-129,and optionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 131 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-130,and optionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an EnhancedDirectional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit(PPDU).

Example 132 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-131,and optionally, comprising receiving the SC MIMO transmission over achannel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 133 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-132,and optionally, comprising receiving the SC MIMO transmission over achannel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 134 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 120-133,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 135 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wirelessstation to process a Single Carrier (SC) Multi-In-Multi-Out (MIMO)transmission received via one or more antennas of the wireless station;and demodulate the SC MIMO transmission according to a Space Time BlockCoding (STBC) structure of a plurality of streams of the SC MIMOtransmission, the plurality of streams comprising at least a firstspace-time stream and a second space-time stream, the first space-timestream comprising, in a first interval, a first data sequence followedby a first Guard Interval (GI) sequence, the first space-time streamcomprising, in a second interval subsequent to the first interval, asecond data sequence followed by the first GI sequence, the secondspace-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a sign-inverted andtime-inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence followed bya second GI sequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in thesecond interval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first datasequence followed by the second GI sequence.

Example 136 includes the subject matter of Example 135, and optionally,wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the wireless station todemodulate the SC MIMO transmission according to a Linear Minimum MeanSquare Error (LMMSE) scheme.

Example 137 includes the subject matter of Example 135 or 136, andoptionally, wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbolblock, and the second data sequence comprises a second symbol blocksubsequent to the first symbol block.

Example 138 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-137,and optionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from thesecond GI sequence.

Example 139 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-138,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 140 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-139,and optionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 141 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-140,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 142 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-141,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequencescomprises a Golay sequence.

Example 143 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-142,and optionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 144 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-143,and optionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises anN_(T)×N_(R) SC MIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal toor greater than 2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 145 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-144,and optionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 146 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-145,and optionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an EnhancedDirectional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit(PPDU).

Example 147 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-146,and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thewireless station to receive the SC MIMO transmission over a channelbandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 148 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-147,and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thewireless station to receive the SC MIMO transmission over a channelbandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 149 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 135-148,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Example 150 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by awireless station, the apparatus comprising means for processing a SingleCarrier (SC) Multi-In-Multi-Out (MIMO) transmission received via one ormore antennas of the wireless station; and means for demodulating the SCMIMO transmission according to a Space Time Block Coding (STBC)structure of a plurality of streams of the SC MIMO transmission, theplurality of streams comprising at least a first space-time stream and asecond space-time stream, the first space-time stream comprising, in afirst interval, a first data sequence followed by a first Guard Interval(GI) sequence, the first space-time stream comprising, in a secondinterval subsequent to the first interval, a second data sequencefollowed by the first GI sequence, the second space-time streamcomprising, in the first interval, a sign-inverted and time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the second data sequence followed by a second GIsequence, the second space-time stream comprising, in the secondinterval, a time-inverted complex conjugate of the first data sequencefollowed by the second GI sequence.

Example 151 includes the subject matter of Example 150, and optionally,comprising means for demodulating the SC MIMO transmission according toa Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) scheme.

Example 152 includes the subject matter of Example 150 or 151, andoptionally, wherein the first data sequence comprises a first symbolblock, and the second data sequence comprises a second symbol blocksubsequent to the first symbol block.

Example 153 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-152,and optionally, wherein the first GI sequence is different from thesecond GI sequence.

Example 154 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-153,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of M samples, and each of the first and second data sequences hasa length of (N−M) samples, wherein N denotes a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size of each of the first and second intervals.

Example 155 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-154,and optionally, wherein the first GI sequence and the second GI sequencehave a same length.

Example 156 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-155,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequences has alength of 32 samples or 64 samples.

Example 157 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-156,and optionally, wherein each of the first and second GI sequencescomprises a Golay sequence.

Example 158 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-157,and optionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises atleast a third space-time stream and a fourth space-time stream, thethird space-time stream comprising, in the first interval, a third datasequence followed by a third GI sequence, the third space-time streamcomprising, in the second interval, a fourth data sequence followed bythe third GI sequence, the fourth space-time stream comprising, in thefirst interval, a sign-inverted and time-inverted complex conjugate ofthe fourth data sequence followed by a fourth GI sequence, the fourthspace-time stream comprising, in the second interval, a time-invertedcomplex conjugate of the third data sequence followed by the fourth GIsequence.

Example 159 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-158,and optionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises anN_(T)×N_(R) SC MIMO transmission, wherein N_(T) is an integer equal toor greater than 2, and N_(R) is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Example 160 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-159,and optionally, wherein the first and second intervals comprise DiscreteFourier Transform (DFT) intervals.

Example 161 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-160,and optionally, wherein the SC MIMO transmission comprises an EnhancedDirectional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit(PPDU).

Example 162 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-161,and optionally, comprising means for receiving the SC MIMO transmissionover a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 163 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-162,and optionally, comprising means for receiving the SC MIMO transmissionover a channel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

Example 164 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 150-163,and optionally, wherein the wireless station is an Enhanced DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (EDMG) Station (STA).

Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein withreference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may beutilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations,components and/or features described herein with reference to one ormore other embodiments, or vice versa.

While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, manymodifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur tothose skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that theappended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changesas fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: memory circuitry; and aprocessor comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause an EnhancedDirectional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) wireless communication station (STA)to: generate a first space-time stream and a second space-time streamaccording to a Single Carrier (SC) symbol blocking structure and a SpaceTime Block Code (STBC), wherein the first space-time stream comprises afirst Guard Interval (GI) between first and second data symbol blocks ofthe first space-time stream, and the second space-time stream comprisesa second GI between first and second data symbol blocks of the secondspace-time stream, the first GI comprises a first Golay sequence and thesecond GI comprises a second Golay sequence different from the firstGolay sequence, wherein the first data symbol block of the firstspace-time stream comprises a first data sequence, the second datasymbol block of the first space-time stream comprises a second datasequence, the first data symbol block of the second space-time streamcomprises a sign inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequencewith reverse order, and the second data symbol block of the secondspace-time stream comprises a complex conjugate of the first datasequence with reverse order; and transmit a SC transmission based on thefirst and second space-time streams in a frequency band above 45Gigahertz (GHz).
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause theEDMG STA to transmit the SC transmission based on a third space-timestream and a fourth space-time stream, wherein the third space-timestream comprises a third GI between first and second data symbol blocksof the third space-time stream, and the fourth space-time streamcomprises a fourth GI between first and second data symbol blocks of thefourth space-time stream, the third GI comprises a third Golay sequencedifferent from the first and second Golay sequences, and the fourth GIcomprises a fourth Golay sequence different from the first, second, andthird Golay sequences, wherein the first data symbol block of the thirdspace-time stream comprises a third data sequence, the second datasymbol block of the third space-time stream comprises a fourth datasequence, the first data symbol block of the fourth space-time streamcomprises a sign inverted complex conjugate of the fourth data sequencewith reverse order, and the second data symbol block of the fourthspace-time stream comprises a complex conjugate of the third datasequence with reverse order.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein thefirst GI and the second GI have a same GI length.
 4. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein each of the first GI and the second GI has a GI lengthof M, and each of the first and second data symbol blocks in the firstspace-time stream and the first and second data symbol blocks in thesecond space-time stream has a length of (N−M), wherein N is equal to aDiscrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein each of the first GI and the second GI has a GI length of 32,and each of the first and second data symbol blocks in the firstspace-time stream and the first and second data symbol blocks in thesecond space-time stream has a length of
 480. 6. The apparatus of claim1, wherein each of the first GI and the second GI has a GI length of 64,and each of the first and second data symbol blocks in the firstspace-time stream and the first and second data symbol blocks in thesecond space-time stream has a length of
 448. 7. The apparatus of claim1, wherein each of the first GI and the second GI has a GI length of128, and each of the first and second data symbol blocks in the firstspace-time stream and the first and second data symbol blocks in thesecond space-time stream has a length of
 384. 8. The apparatus of claim1 configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the SC transmission overa channel bandwidth of 4.32 GHz, 6.48 GHz, or 8.64 GHz.
 9. The apparatusof claim 1 comprising a radio to transmit the SC transmission.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 9 comprising one or more antennas connected to theradio, another memory to store data processed by the EDMG STA, andanother processor to execute instructions of an operating system.
 11. Aproduct comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitorystorage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to,when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least oneprocessor to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) wirelesscommunication station (STA) to: generate a first space-time stream and asecond space-time stream according to a Single Carrier (SC) symbolblocking structure and a Space Time Block Code (STBC), wherein the firstspace-time stream comprises a first Guard Interval (GI) between firstand second data symbol blocks of the first space-time stream, and thesecond space-time stream comprises a second GI between first and seconddata symbol blocks of the second space-time stream, the first GIcomprises a first Golay sequence and the second GI comprises a secondGolay sequence different from the first Golay sequence, wherein thefirst data symbol block of the first space-time stream comprises a firstdata sequence, the second data symbol block of the first space-timestream comprises a second data sequence, the first data symbol block ofthe second space-time stream comprises a sign inverted complex conjugateof the second data sequence with reverse order, and the second datasymbol block of the second space-time stream comprises a complexconjugate of the first data sequence with reverse order; and transmit aSC transmission based on the first and second space-time streams in afrequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).
 12. The product of claim 11,wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to transmitthe SC transmission based on a third space-time stream and a fourthspace-time stream, wherein the third space-time stream comprises a thirdGI between first and second data symbol blocks of the third space-timestream, and the fourth space-time stream comprises a fourth GI betweenfirst and second data symbol blocks of the fourth space-time stream, thethird GI comprises a third Golay sequence different from the first andsecond Golay sequences, and the fourth GI comprises a fourth Golaysequence different from the first, second, and third Golay sequences,wherein the first data symbol block of the third space-time streamcomprises a third data sequence, the second data symbol block of thethird space-time stream comprises a fourth data sequence, the first datasymbol block of the fourth space-time stream comprises a sign invertedcomplex conjugate of the fourth data sequence with reverse order, andthe second data symbol block of the fourth space-time stream comprises acomplex conjugate of the third data sequence with reverse order.
 13. Theproduct of claim 11, wherein the first GI and the second GI have a sameGI length.
 14. The product of claim 11, wherein each of the first GI andthe second GI has a GI length of M, and each of the first and seconddata symbol blocks in the first space-time stream and the first andsecond data symbol blocks in the second space-time stream has a lengthof (N−M), wherein N is equal to a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size.15. The product of claim 11, wherein each of the first GI and the secondGI has a GI length of 32, and each of the first and second data symbolblocks in the first space-time stream and the first and second datasymbol blocks in the second space-time stream has a length of
 480. 16.The product of claim 11, wherein each of the first GI and the second GIhas a GI length of 64, and each of the first and second data symbolblocks in the first space-time stream and the first and second datasymbol blocks in the second space-time stream has a length of
 448. 17.The product of claim 11, wherein each of the first GI and the second GIhas a GI length of 128, and each of the first and second data symbolblocks in the first space-time stream and the first and second datasymbol blocks in the second space-time stream has a length of
 384. 18.The product of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, causethe EDMG STA to transmit the SC transmission over a channel bandwidth of4.32 GHz, 6.48 GHz, or 8.64 GHz.
 19. An apparatus comprising: means forcausing an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) wirelesscommunication station (STA) to generate a first space-time stream and asecond space-time stream according to a Single Carrier (SC) symbolblocking structure and a Space Time Block Code (STBC), wherein the firstspace-time stream comprises a first Guard Interval (GI) between firstand second data symbol blocks of the first space-time stream, and thesecond space-time stream comprises a second GI between first and seconddata symbol blocks of the second space-time stream, the first GIcomprises a first Golay sequence and the second GI comprises a secondGolay sequence different from the first Golay sequence, wherein thefirst data symbol block of the first space-time stream comprises a firstdata sequence, the second data symbol block of the first space-timestream comprises a second data sequence, the first data symbol block ofthe second space-time stream comprises a sign inverted complex conjugateof the second data sequence with reverse order, and the second datasymbol block of the second space-time stream comprises a complexconjugate of the first data sequence with reverse order; and means forcausing the EDMG STA to transmit a SC transmission based on the firstand second space-time streams in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz(GHz).
 20. The apparatus of claim 19 comprising means for causing theEDMG STA to transmit the SC transmission based on a third space-timestream and a fourth space-time stream, wherein the third space-timestream comprises a third GI between first and second data symbol blocksof the third space-time stream, and the fourth space-time streamcomprises a fourth GI between first and second data symbol blocks of thefourth space-time stream, the third GI comprises a third Golay sequencedifferent from the first and second Golay sequences, and the fourth GIcomprises a fourth Golay sequence different from the first, second, andthird Golay sequences, wherein the first data symbol block of the thirdspace-time stream comprises a third data sequence, the second datasymbol block of the third space-time stream comprises a fourth datasequence, the first data symbol block of the fourth space-time streamcomprises a sign inverted complex conjugate of the fourth data sequencewith reverse order, and the second data symbol block of the fourthspace-time stream comprises a complex conjugate of the third datasequence with reverse order.
 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein eachof the first GI and the second GI has a GI length of M, and each of thefirst and second data symbol blocks in the first space-time stream andthe first and second data symbol blocks in the second space-time streamhas a length of (N−M), wherein N is equal to a Discrete FourierTransform (DFT) size.